Exploring 3D Architectural Modeling: What It Is and the Types Involved?

Creating a visual representation of a design through digital tools is the main aspect of 3D architectural modeling, improving the user's experience by showcasing a 3D building image. The valuable information contained in those models enables their physical properties. We have progressed with technology, resulting in the creation of various tools for different industries, including 3D architecture. Due to numerous 3D modeling programs for architects, the entire process from idea to implementation is made easier as  3D architecture design is inherently interactive. It speeds up the design view and includes the fundamental needs of the construction sector. Continue reading about 3D architectural modeling and its various types.

Table of Contents:

• What is 3D architecture modeling?

• What Are the Various Types of 3D Architecture Modeling?

• Conclusion

What is 3D architecture modeling?

3D architectural modeling aids user interaction by rendering a realistic 3D representation of the design. These models contain the necessary information for construction planning. Its benefits include advanced visualization, quality control, reduction of design errors, optimal use of resources, cost savings, virtual audits, and promotions. 

What Are the Various Types of 3D Architecture Modeling?

Now, we will look at various techniques for developing 3D architectural models and related software programs.

• Polygonal modeling

This method of creating 3D models is very flexible. Here, you create an object by manipulating a polygonal mesh of small "building blocks" with three or more straight sides. The number of polygons determines the level of detail. The more polygons, the more detailed the model. Additionally, there are two subsections under this heading: High-Poly Modeling and Low-Poly Modeling High-poly models take a long time to render. It is often used to create beautiful pictures. Because low-poly models are less dense, they are faster to render. It is used to create 3D AR and VR assets. 

Since the edges of polygons are always straight lines, it is difficult to render objects with a smooth curve using the 3D polygon model. Therefore, the only thing left to make the curved surfaces look good is a lot of polygons and the use of software's smoothing functions.

• Parametric modeling

In parametric modeling, one of the most popular types of 3D architectural modeling, the process involves more mathematics than direct modeling. Here, models are created and edited by entering sets of parameters. They specify the characteristics of each model element and the interactions between these elements. Everything is created automatically and changes as new additions are added. Therefore, each change changes the overall design. As a result, you can determine at once whether your ideas are meaningful and original.

Parametric modeling tools enable parametric design, which is the synthesis of architectural concepts in response to a set of goals and constraints. Architects can create solutions that are very bold and look unique. This style of avant-garde architecture is unique and has a name: parametricism. 3D parametric modeling is very accurate when refining the manufacturing design, but it is a long process. Because the measurements must be very precise, they cannot be included in the first stages of the project. 

Therefore, it works well with proper modeling. Popular parametric modeling software includes Rhino and Grasshopper, Autodesk Fusion 360, FreeCAD, and CATIA. Because of the complexity of this process, the industry has created a need for parametric modeling certification courses that provide in-depth knowledge and specialized expertise.

• Point cloud modeling

In this type of 3D architectural modeling, a 3D scanner is used to create a point cloud, which is a 3D image of the existing structure. The point cloud can be imported into the digital environment using a program such as Autodesk ReCap Pro, where it can be edited or enlarged, converted to a 3D screen, or used to create BIM models. When renovating or building a house, it is important to know the conditions of the project area. 

Thanks to point cloud modeling, you can collect all the necessary information for design planning, interference checking, partial elimination, project documentation, and budgeting. Thus, you can make the entire project workflow easier, more efficient, and with more impressive results.

• Direct modeling

In direct modeling, complex 3D objects are created by manipulating simpler shapes. Since all shapes have their characteristics, if you change one of them or add a new one, the overall design of the model will not change. This type of 3D modeling is great for producing photo graphics when working with computer-generated (CG) objects. For example, to show to clients, add to your portfolio, share on social media, or enter architectural design competitions. 

Using this method, you can quickly generate and test different design ideas because you can simply change 3D objects without having to follow specific parameters. Popular software for creating 3D models is 3D Max, Blender, and Maya. Polygon and spline modeling are the two main components of precision modeling.

• Spline modeling

By using splines, which are 2D elements such as lines and circles, you can create 3D objects with complex shapes while using this modeling technique. Spline modeling is often used to quickly create 3D models with multiple curves because it allows tools such as Bezier curves to be used. Obtaining a 2D outline of an element and using a spin transform to rotate it around its axis to create a 3D object is one of the most common ways to use this type of modeling. Spline models have several disadvantages, the main one being that they cannot open UVs. Therefore, UV mapping cannot be used to apply real textures to these objects. However, it can be converted to a polygonal surface if desired.

• BIM modeling

One of the most popular technologies for 3D architectural modeling related to construction and management is BIM or Building Information Modeling. This makes it possible to develop an intelligent model with structural data for each component. Therefore, you can accurately determine the amount of each type of material needed, the estimated time to complete each construction phase, and the total cost of the project. 

In addition, 3D architecture building models allow the analysis of design elements and the use of structural design to determine the best solutions based on specific objectives. Therefore, you can increase the life of your buildings by maximizing the use of each square foot and ensuring energy savings. 

Another advantage of the BIM modeling process is that it is highly collaborative, thanks to cloud access. All members of the design team can make changes to the model, and all views will always show updated versions. In this way, development teams can make external updates to keep up with new project developments. Using BIM modeling can improve project outcomes, reduce material waste, reduce delays, and increase customer satisfaction. 

To design 3D architecture models, you can use Autodesk Revit, SketchUp, and ArchiCAD, which are the most common software of this type. Today, BIM is certified in many areas, leading to many certified BIM specialist courses.

Conclusion

With so many unique and upgraded 3D architectural modeling software programs available, you can easily import your designs from one software to another and produce high-quality results. The end product can cater to various typologies to attract clients and investors and facilitate the visualization of extraordinary, unbuilt ideas. 3D architectural modeling has gone far from paper design and archetypal building design. As technology advances, we see the advanced use of 3D modeling in computer-generated imagery (CGI), animation, and 3D printing. Therefore, future 3D architecture Designers and artists will be different and work in more than one profession. Professionals must use advanced tools to develop effective designs that attract customers and promote sustainability in the mainstream.